The heat pump is an extremely efficient technology for heating and cooling buildings, based on the principle of heat transfer. Its operation relies on the exchange of heat between a hot fluid and a cold fluid. The heat pump uses a closed circuit of refrigerant, which evaporates at a low temperature and condenses at a high temperature.

 

The process begins with the absorption of heat from the environment by an evaporator, usually installed outdoors. The refrigerant evaporates at a low temperature, thereby absorbing environmental heat. The gaseous state of the refrigerant is then compressed by a compressor, increasing its temperature and pressure. Next, the recovered heat is released through a condenser and can be used for heating purposes inside the building. The cycle is completed by an expansion valve, which reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing the cycle to start again.

 

The advantages of a heat pump lie in its high energy efficiency. By using heat from the environment rather than generating it, a heat pump can deliver more thermal energy than the electrical energy it consumes. This results in significant energy savings and a reduction in CO₂ emissions. Additionally, a heat pump can be used for both heating and cooling, making it a versatile solution. Its ability to adapt to different environmental conditions and its contribution to sustainable energy make it an attractive option for modern buildings.